An arc is initiated in the slim straight tube. The enclosed gas and Mercury vapour is under pressure greater than atmospheric when working. The combination of operating pressure and temperature generates a very intense arc, which gradually becomes whiter in colour after initiation as collisions broaden the mercury spectral lines.
The code on the lamp reads MBL/D. This translates as:
M Mercury
B Quartz envelope, loaded below 100 Watts/cm of arc length
L
D Vertical, Cap down